What is Windows Azure Scheduler?
Windows Azure Scheduler enables you to invoke activities, for example, calling HTTP/S endpoints or presenting a message on a storage queue on any schedule.
With Scheduler, you make jobs in the cloud that dependably call services both inside and outside of Windows Azure and execute those jobs on demand, on a routinely repeating schedule, or assign them for a future date.
How can you create an HDInsight Cluster in Azure?
To make an Azure HDInsight Cluster, open the Azure portal > click on New > select Data Services > click on HDInsight.
Hadoop is the default and native execution of Apache Hadoop.
HBase is an Apache open-source NoSQL database based on Hadoop that gives random access and solid consistency for a lot of unstructured data.
Apache Storm is a distributed, fault-tolerant, open-source computation system that enables you to process data in real time.
What is Text Analytics API in Azure Machine?
Content Analytics API is a part of content examination web administrations worked with Azure Machine Learning. The API can be utilized to analyze unstructured content for tasks such as sentiment analysis and key-phrase extraction.
The API restores a numeric score between 0 and 1. Scores near 1 show positive sentiment, while scores near 0 demonstrate negative sentiment.
The upside of this API is that another new model need not be planned and prepared; the user just needs to bring the data and call the service to get the sentiment results.
Azure Interview Question
What is the Migration Assistant tool in Azure Websites?
Migration Assistant tool will examine our IIS installation and recognize the sites that can be migrated to the cloud, featuring any components which can’t be migrated or are unsupported on the platform.
Once broken down, this tool will likewise create sites and databases provided under the given Azure membership.
What is Azure Service Level Agreement (SLA)?
The SLA ensures that, when you send two or more role instances for each role, access to your cloud service will be maintained not less than 99.95 percent of the time. Additionally, identification and re-correction activities will be started 99.9 percent of the time when a role instance’s procedure isn’t running.
How to add an administrator to the Azure portal?
To add an administrator to the Azure portal, it has to be given the owner role. It will be able to manage only those resources in the subscription that are assigned to it. To add an administrator, follow these steps:
Sign in to the Azure portal
Go to the Hub menu and then to Subscription and select the subscription that the administrator will need access to
Select Access control (IAM) in the subscription blade, and then click on Add
Go to Select a role, and click on Owner
Here, provide the email address of the user to be assigned as the owner
Click on the user, and then click on Select
Advance Azure Interview Question
How to connect to Azure Database from SQL Management Studio?
The first time you start the SQL Server Management Studio, the Connect to Server dialog box opens up automatically. You can also open it manually by going to Object Explorer > Connect > Database Engine.
Then, enter the following information in the Connect to Server window:
Server Type Database Engine
Server Name Enter the name of your Azure SQL Database or Azure Managed Instance
Authentication SQL Server Authentication
Login Enter the server account user ID
Password Enter the server account password You can also choose to change the additional connection options by going to Options.
Click on Connect after completing all the required fields
If the firewall settings are not set up, a prompt appears to configure the same. Once signed in, provide the Azure account login information, and set the firewall rule. Then, click on OK.
To verify if your Azure Database connection is successful, expand and explore Object Explorer for the server name, the SQL Server version, and the username.
How to create a virtual machine on Azure?
To create a VM on Azure, you need to follow the below steps:
Sign in to Azure
Sign in to the Azure portal
Search for virtual machines in the search box
Under Services, select Virtual machines
Click on Add in the Virtual machines page
In the Basics tab, under Project details, select the correct subscription, and choose Create new resource group
Type myResourceGroup for the name
Under Instance details, the Virtual machine name should be myVM
Choose your Region [e.g., (US) East US]
Choose Windows Server 2019 Datacenter for the Image
Leave the rest as default
Under Administrator account, enter a username and a password
Under Inbound port rules, click on Allow selected ports, and then select HTTP (80) and RDP (3389) for Select inbound ports
The rest will remain as default here
Finally, click on the Review + create button
How to deploy SQL Database in Azure?
Authenticate to the Azure portal
Click on SQL Databases
Click on Servers
Click on a server name to connect to
Press Configure
Open SQL Server Management Studio
Connect to Database services (usually, this happens by default)
Finally, click on Connect
Azure Interview Question
How to export users from Azure Active Directory?
You can export users from Azure AD by following the below-mentioned steps:
- Install the Azure PowerShell module using the following cmdlet:
install-module azTo connect to Azure AD and Azure, run:
Connect-azaccountTo export, all users to a CSV file, run:
Get-AzADUser | export-csv file.csvIf you only need to export the first 10 users, then you can use:
Get-AzADUser -First 10 | export-csv file.csvTo export all users after the first 2 users, you can use:
Get-AzADUser -Skip 2 | ftHow to create a resource group in Azure?
To create a resource group in Azure:
Log in to the Azure portal
In the menu on the left, select Resource groups
In the Resource groups page, click on Add
Fill in the details in the fields as follows:
Subscription: Select your Microsoft Azure subscription
Resource group name: Enter a unique name
Resource details region: Select a location
Click on Review + create
Once validation is passed, click on Create to create your resource group
That’s it in our blog on MS Azure interview questions and answers. Hope these Azure questions help you in your Azure Interview job preparation.
What are the different storage services available in Azure apart from Blob storage?
Azure offers three other types of storage services, apart from Blob storage, table storage, queue Storage, and file storage.
- Azure table storage: It allows the deployment of applications with semi-structured data and a key-value store, which is NoSQL-based.
- Used when there is a requirement for applications with a flexible data schema
- Emphasis is on enterprise-level data and strongly follows consistent models
- Data is in terms of entities grouped under tables
- Azure queue storage: The message queue system is capable of handling large workloads through the development of flexible and durable applications.
- Ensures that the applications are scalable and less likely to have component failures
- The queue monitoring helps the application ensure that the requirements are met
- Azure file storage: It offers file sharing and access using server message block (SMB) protocol. The data is secured with SMB 3.0 and HTTPS.
- Improves the performance of on-premise applications
- Azure takes care of OS deployments and hardware management
Advance Azure Interview Question
Create a Virtual Machine with Azure CLI.
Following is an example how one can create a VM using Azure CLI:
az vm create \
--resource-group myResourceGroupName \
--name myVM \
--image Win19Datacenter \
--public-ip-sku Standard \
--admin-username AzureuserNAME \
--admin-password AzurePASSWORDHow will you execute code with the help of Azure if there is no server?
Azure Functions can execute code without a server. These services simplify complex orchestration and challenges. They help connect with other services without hard coding of integrations, which speeds up the development process.
Developers can write and focus on the business logic code saving time and effort. Azure Application Insights can help analyze and monitor code performance as well as identify hiccups and failure points across various application components.
What will you do in case of a drive failure?
When a drive failure occurs, the following steps need to be performed:
- Ensure that the drive is not mounted so that Azure Storage is functioning without fail
- Replace the drive so that it is remounted and formatted
Azure Interview Question
What could be the reason for the client application to be disconnected from the cache?
There could be two possible reasons:
- Client-end
- Redeployment of application
- Scaling operation by application
- Change in the client-side networking layer
- Transient errors in the client or network between the client and the server
- The crossing of bandwidth threshold limits
- Server-end
- Azure Redis Cache service had a failover from the primary node to the secondary node
- The server instance where the cache was deployed had patching or maintenance
How can you stop the high load issue on an application in cases of no man support on the flow?
Azure VM Scale Sets can be used to define proper configurations and conditions and provide a new VM whenever there is a high load.
The VM Scale Sets allows the developer to create and manage a group of load-balanced VMs. The scale sets can be configured in accordance with the demand of the application or a predefined schedule that automatically adjusts the number of VMs.
Using scale sets ensures that the applications are highly available and enable the management, updation, and configuration of large VMs centrally. It also supports large-scale application development with big workloads, big data, and compute loads. Azure Scale Sets supports up to 1,000 VMs and 600 VMs for custom VM images.
What would happen if tone reaches the maximum failed attempts for Azure ID authentication?
In this situation, the Azure account will get locked depending on the protocol analyzing the entered password and the IP address from where the login is requested.
Advance Azure Interview Question
If you have an application running on the on-premise server and Azure East US region has a backup, will you be able to access the application via the Azure environment in case of an on-premise server application access failure?
Yes. One can access the application by using the Site Recovery Service by Azure. It is capable of handling fail-over and fail-back scenarios between on-premise servers and Azure environments.
In case the front-end hosting of an application is done on Azure, if the user needs the database hosting to be done on an on-premise server due to security concerns, how will you handle the Azure connectivity?
There are a few possibilities to resolve this:
- Azure VNET based point-to-site service can be used to connect one on-premise DB to an Azure-hosted application. This is valid where there are limited resources to be connected via VPN.
- In case of more resources for connection, site to site or express routes are the solution. Site to site might cause network latency as the VPN works only via public infrastructure, which is the internet. In that case, express routes can be used as it has a dedicated leased line that solves latency issues.
- In case VNET is not preferred, Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) service can be developed and hosted on-premise. It will have CRUD operations intended solely for the database that is hosted on-premise. It uses the service bus relay that can build communication between the Azure-hosted app to the WCF service for database access.
You have an Azure subscription that contains an Azure Log Analytics workspace. You have a resource group that contains 100 virtual machines. The virtual machines run Linux. You need to collect events from the virtual machines to the log analytics workspace. Which type of data source should be configured in the workspace?
The answer is Syslog, which is an event logging protocol that is common to Linux. Applications will send messages that may be stored on the local machine or delivered to a Syslog collector. When the log analytics agent for Linux is installed, it configures the local Syslog daemon to forward messages to the agent. The agent then sends the message to Azure Monitor where a corresponding record is created.
Azure Interview Question
What is cloud computing?
Explanation: It is the use of servers on the internet to “store”, “manage” and “process” data. The difference is, instead of using your own servers, you are using someone else’s servers to do your task, paying them for the amount of time you use it for.
What are the different cloud deployment models?
Explanation: Following are the three cloud deployment models:
Public Cloud: The infrastructure is owned by your cloud provider and the server that you are using could be a multi-tenant system.
Private Cloud: The infrastructure is owned by you or your cloud provider gives you that service exclusively. For eg: Hosting your website on your servers, or hosting your website with the cloud provider on a dedicated server.
Hybrid Cloud: When you use both Public Cloud, Private Cloud together, it is called Hybrid Cloud. For Example: Using your in-house servers for confidential data, and the public cloud for hosting your company’s public facing website. This type of setup would be a hybrid cloud.
Is it possible to create a Virtual Machine using Azure Resource Manager in a Virtual Network that was created using classic deployment?
Explanation: This is not supported. You cannot use Azure Resource Manager to deploy a virtual machine into a virtual network that was created using classic deployment.
Advance Azure Interview Question
What are virtual machine scale sets in Azure?
Explanation: Virtual machine scale sets are Azure compute resource that you can use to deploy and manage a set of identical VMs. With all the VMs configured the same, scale sets are designed to support true autoscale, and no pre-provisioning of VMs is required. So it’s easier to build large-scale services that target big compute, big data, and containerized workloads.
Are data disks supported within scale sets?
Explanation: Yes. A scale set can define an attached data disk configuration that applies to all VMs in the set. Other options for storing data include:
- Azure files (SMB shared drives)
- OS drive
- Temp drive (local, not backed by Azure Storage)
- Azure data service (for example, Azure tables, Azure blobs)
- External data service (for example, remote database)
What is an Availability Set?
Explanation: An availability set is a logical grouping of VMs that allows Azure to understand how your application is built to provide redundancy and availability. It is recommended that two or more VMs are created within an availability set to provide for a highly available application and to meet the 99.95% Azure SLA. When a single VM is used with Azure Premium Storage, the Azure SLA applies for unplanned maintenance events.
Azure Interview Question
What are Fault Domains?
Explanation: A fault domain is a logical group of underlying hardware that share a common power source and network switch, similar to a rack within an on-premise data-centers. As you create VMs within an availability set, the Azure platform automatically distributes your VMs across these fault domains. This approach limits the impact of potential physical hardware failures, network outages, or power interruptions.
What are Update Domains?
Explanation: An update domain is a logical group of underlying hardware that can undergo maintenance or can be rebooted at the same time. As you create VMs within an availability set, the Azure platform automatically distributes your VMs across these update domains. This approach ensures that at least one instance of your application always remains running as the Azure platform undergoes periodic maintenance. The order of update domains being rebooted may not proceed sequentially during planned maintenance, but only one update domain is rebooted at a time.
What are Network Security Groups?
Explanation: A network security group (NSG) contains a list of Access Control List (ACL) rules that allow or deny network traffic to subnets, NICs, or both. NSGs can be associated with either subnets or individual NICs connected to a subnet. When an NSG is associated with a subnet, the ACL rules apply to all the VMs in that subnet. In addition, traffic to an individual NIC can be restricted by associating an NSG directly to a NIC.
Advance Azure Interview Question
Do scale sets work with Azure availability sets?
Explanation: Yes. A scale set is an implicit availability set with 5 fault domains and 5 update domains. Scale sets of more than 100 VMs span multiple placement groups, which are equivalent to multiple availability sets. An availability set of VMs can exist in the same virtual network as a scale set of VMs. A common configuration is to put control node VMs (which often require unique configuration) in an availability set and put data nodes in the scale set.
What is a break-fix issue?
Explanation: Technical problems are called break-fix issue, it is an industry term which refers to “work involved in supporting a technology when it fails in the normal course of its function, which requires intervention by a support organization to be restored to working order”.
Why is Azure Active Directory used?
Explanation: Azure Active Directory is an Identity and Access Management system. It is used to grant access to your employees to specific products and services in your network. For example: Salesforce.com, twitter etc. Azure AD has some in-built support for applications in its gallery which can be added directly.
Azure Interview Question
What happens when you exhaust the maximum failed attempts for authenticating yourself via Azure AD?
Explanation: We use a more sophisticated strategy to lock accounts. This is based on the IP address of the request and the passwords entered. The duration of the lockout also increases based on the likelihood that it is an attack.
Where can I find a list of applications that are pre-integrated with Azure AD and their capabilities?
Explanation: Azure AD has around 2600 pre-integrated applications. All pre-integrated applications support single sign-on (SSO). SSO let you use your organizational credentials to access your apps. Some of the applications also support automated provisioning and de-provisioning.
What is Azure Service Fabric?
Explanation: Azure Service Fabric is a distributed systems platform that makes it easy to package, deploy, and manage scalable and reliable micro-services. Service Fabric also addresses the significant challenges in developing and managing cloud applications. Developers and administrators can avoid complex infrastructure problems and focus on implementing mission-critical, demanding workloads that are scalable, reliable, and manageable. Service Fabric represents the next-generation middleware platform for building and managing these enterprise-class, tier-1, cloud-scale applications.
Advance Azure Interview Question
What is a V Net?
Explanation: V Net is a representation of your own network in the cloud. It logically isolates your instances launched in the cloud, from the rest of your resources.
What are the differences between Subscription Administrator and Directory Administrator?
Explanation: By default, one is assigned the Subscription Administrator role when he/she signs up for Azure. A subscription admin can use either a Microsoft account or a work or school account from the directory that the Azure subscription is associated with. This role is authorized to manage services in the Azure portal. If others need to sign in and access services by using the same subscription, you can add them as co-admins.
Azure AD has a different set of admin roles to manage the directory and identity-related features. These admins will have access to various features in the Azure portal or the Azure classic portal. The admin’s role determines what they can do, like create or edit users, assign administrative roles to others, reset user passwords, manage user licenses, or manage domains.
Are there any scale limitations for customers using managed disks?
Explanation: Managed Disks eliminates the limits associated with storage accounts. However, the number of managed disks per subscription is limited to 2000 by default.
Azure Interview Question
What is the difference between Service Bus Queues and Storage Queues?
Explanation: The Azure Storage Queue is simple and the developer experience is quite good. It uses the local Azure Storage Emulator and debugging is made quite easy. The tooling for Azure Storage Queues allows you to easily peek at the top 32 messages and if the messages are in XML or Json, you’re able to visualize their contents directly from Visual Studio Furthermore, these queues can be purged of their contents, which is especially useful during development and QA efforts.
The Azure Service Bus Queues are evolved and surrounded by many useful mechanisms that make it enterprise worthy! They are built into the Service Bus and are able to forward messages to other Queues and Topics. They have a built-in dead-letter queue and messages have a time to live that you control, hence messages don’t automatically disappear after 7 days.
Furthermore, Azure Service Bus Queues have the ability of deleting themselves after a configurable amount of idle time. This feature is very practical when you create Queues for each user, because if a user hasn’t interacted with a Queue for the past month, it automatically gets clean it up. Its also a great way to drive costs down. You shouldn’t have to pay for storage that you don’t need. These Queues are limited to a maximum of 80gb. Once you’ve reached this limit your application will start receiving exceptions.
What is Azure Redis Cache?
Redis is an open source (BSD licensed), in-memory data structure store, used as a database, cache and message broker. Azure Redis Cache is based on the popular open-source Redis cache. It gives you access to a secure, dedicated Redis cache, managed by Microsoft, and accessible from any application within Azure. It supports data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets with range queries, bitmaps, hype loglogs and geospatial indexes with radius queries.
Why doesn’t Azure Redis Cache have an MSDN class library reference like some of the other Azure services?
Explanation: Microsoft Azure Redis Cache is based on the popular open source Redis Cache and can be accessed by a wide variety of Redis clients for many programming languages. Each client has its own API that makes calls to the Redis cache instance using Redis commands.
Because each client is different, there is not one centralized class reference on MSDN, and each client maintains its own reference documentation. In addition to the reference documentation, there are several tutorials showing how to get started with Azure Redis Cache using different languages and cache clients. To access these tutorials, see How to use Azure Redis Cache and click the desired language from the language switcher at the top of the article.
Advance Azure Interview Question
What are Redis databases?
Explanation: Redis Databases are just a logical separation of data within the same Redis instance. The cache memory is shared between all the databases and actual memory consumption of a given database depends on the keys/values stored in that database. For example, a C6 cache has 53 GB of memory. You can choose to put all 53 GB into one database or you can split it up between multiple databases.
Is it possible to add an existing VM to an availability set?
Explanation: No. If you want your VM to be part of an availability set, you need to create the VM within the set. There currently no way to add a VM to an availability set after it has been created.
What are the username requirements when creating a VM?
Explanation: Usernames can be a maximum of 20 characters in length and cannot end in a period (“.”).
The following usernames are not allowed:
Azure Interview Question
What are the password requirements when creating a VM?
Explanation: Passwords must be 12 – 123 characters in length and meet 3 out of the following 4 complexity requirements:
- Have lower characters
- Have upper characters
- Have a digit
- Have a special character (Regex match [W_])
The following passwords are not allowed:
How much storage can I use with a virtual machine?
Explanation: Each data disk can be up to 1 TB. The number of data disks which you can use depends on the size of the virtual machine.
Azure Managed Disks are the new and recommended disk storage offerings for use with Azure Virtual Machines for persistent storage of data. You can use multiple Managed Disks with each Virtual Machine. Managed Disks offer two types of durable storage options: Premium and Standard Managed Disks.
Azure storage accounts can also provide storage for the operating system disk and any data disks. Each disk is a .vhd file stored as a page blob.
Why was my client disconnected from the cache?
Explanation: The following are some common reason for a cache disconnect.
- Client-side causes
- The client application was redeployed.
- The client application performed a scaling operation.
- In the case of Cloud Services or Web Apps, this may be due to auto-scaling.
- The networking layer on the client side changed.
- Transient errors occurred in the client or in the network nodes between the client and the server.
- The bandwidth threshold limits were reached.
- CPU bound operations took too long to complete.
- Server-side causes
- On the standard cache offering, the Azure Redis Cache service initiated a fail-over from the primary node to the secondary node.
- Azure was patching the instance where the cache was deployed
- This can be for Redis server updates or general VM maintenance.
Advance Azure Interview Question
What is Azure Search?
Explanation: Azure Search is a cloud search-as-a-service solution that delegates server and infrastructure management to Microsoft, leaving you with a ready-to-use service that you can populate with your data and then use to add search to your web or mobile application. Azure Search allows you to easily add a robust search experience to your applications using a simple REST API or .NET SDK without managing search infrastructure or becoming an expert in search.
